Impact of Contaminated Ground Water on Kaithal District of Haryana region in India

ABSTRACT

In agricultures such as the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in the south east of Asia, water pollution is frequently observed. In the rainy season (July to October) of 2011 and 2016 in Kaithal, Haryana, India we assessed the effect of organic and conventional basmati rice cultivation on water quality. The area of research consisted of 7 organic and 7 conventional fields in which organic agriculture has exercised over 20 decades. For all samples taken from organic fields and conventional fields over the long term (~15 and approximately 20 years) water quality parameters used for drinking purposes (nitrate, NO3; total solid dissolved materials (TDS); Electric conductivity (EC) pH) and irrigation applications (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (residual sodium carbonate) were below permissible limits. Importantly, in conventional fields, the amount of water NO3 pollution was almost double that of organic fields, which is worrisome and requires future attention in the area of IGP agriculture in South-East Asia. The issue with soil-based water in the area may be recognized as loss of ground-water resources and low groundwater quality in deeper aquifers and fluoride pollution. Decreases in water levels have been seen throughout the whole area, except for the district of Kalayat, where there has been a rise in water level owing to the state of the water table. The long-term water levels study indicates that the water level decreases from 0.18 m/yr to 1.16 m/yr. The water content is decreased. In terms of transportation, soil water is of low groundwater quality because of its salinity in certain areas of the region. There have also been some occasional instances of elevated fluoride levels. The groundwater is generally fresh and drinking in low water bodies. The most important source of groundwater recharge in the area is groundwater input from the north and northeast regions, precipitation, canal filtration, irrigation and water-related percolation. No recharging system has been implemented at the Central Ground Water Board. As per the Central Ground Water Board evaluation, a significant portion of the District is appropriate for artificial charging for the development of the Master Plan on Artificial Charging.

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